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91.
92.
IntroductionSeepagefreesurfaceisoftenencounteredinthecourseofseepageproblemthroughmediaofslope,earthdamandtunnelengineering.Thephenomenaofseepagefreesurfaceisoneoftheimportantanddifficulttopicsofrockmasshydromechanics[1~3],andquiteanimportantresearch… 相似文献
93.
海底边坡稳定分析方法综述 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
本文指出海底边坡与陆上边坡的不同点,对一个完整的海底边坡稳定问题从几何形状和载荷情况两个方面进行了描述。由于波浪影响是海底边坡问题的最大特点,因此回顾了计算海底压力的各种方法以及在海底压力作用下海底土层产生的瞬态和残余孔隙压力。然后对极限平衡、静态变形分析和动力分析三大类边坡稳定分析方法进行了评述,并指出各自的适用范围。海底边坡破坏后的行为尤其复杂,指出用流变模型预测泥流性质的可能性。最后提出了海底边坡稳定性课题的当前致力方向。 相似文献
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95.
针对忽略岩土体非均质和各向异性将导致边坡稳定性评价产生误差的问题,应用极限分析上限理论及抗剪强度系数折减法,推导土体强度非均质和各向异性影响下隧道洞口含裂缝仰坡稳定性解析式,探究土体强度非均质和各向异性对仰坡稳定性系数、坡顶裂缝位置、隧道拱顶失稳范围及仰坡安全系数的影响。结果表明,裂缝深度及坡角越大,仰坡稳定性系数越小;非均质系数越大和各向异性系数越小,维持仰坡稳定的临界坡高越大;非均质系数及各向异性系数越大,裂缝距坡顶边缘越远,隧道拱顶失稳范围越大;非均质系数增大有利于仰坡稳定,而各向异性系数越大仰坡越易失稳。 相似文献
96.
Proper approximation of the force terms, especially the bed slope term, is of crucial importance to simulating shallow water flows in lattice Boltzmann (LB) models. However, there is little discussion on the schemes of adding force terms to LB models for shallow water equations (SWEs). In this study, we evaluate the performance of forcing schemes coupled with different LB models (LABSWE and MLBSWE) in simulating shallow water flows over complex topography and try to find out their intrinsic characteristics and applicability. Three cases are adopted for evaluation, including a stationary case, a one-dimensional tidal wave flow over an irregular bed, and a steady flow over a two-dimensional seamount. The simulating results are compared with analytical solutions or the results produced by the finite difference method. For LABSWE, all the forcing schemes, except for the weighting factor method, fail to produce accurate solutions for the test cases; this is probably due to the mismatch between the bed slope term in source terms and the quadratic depth term of the equilibrium distribution functions in these forcing schemes. For MLBSWE, all the forcing schemes are capable of simulating flows over the complex topography accurately; furthermore, those schemes taking into account the collision effect τ to eliminate the momentum induced by forces provide more accurate solutions with quicker convergence as the lattice size decreases. In this view, MLBSWE can bring more flexibility in treating the force terms and thus can be a better tool to simulate shallow water flows over complex topography in practical application. 相似文献
97.
边坡失稳是一个由渐变演化至突变破坏的过程,过程中土体的强度参数c和φ发挥作用的路径和衰减程度不同。目前,双强度折减策略DRM在边坡稳定性评估中已逐渐形成共识,但双强度参数间的真实折减关系或折减关系的求解方法难以准确定义。以坡体抵抗外部环境能力最大值原理为依据,引入非线性分析突变理论,以坡体的极限承载力为考察量,建立其与双强度折减比的突变模型函数来考察边坡整体稳定性,进而量化折减过程中c和φ的折减比。结合算例,通过与已有方法的计算结果进行对比,验证了方法的合理性,并探究了c和φ以及坡度与折减比间的演化规律及机理。研究的执行思路可为双强度折减技术的探讨提供有益参考。 相似文献
98.
An appropriate Ga slope is required in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) film to enhance the cell performance of CIGS thin-film solar cells. In the conventional three-stage-co-evaporation process, the Ga slope was obtained by controlling Ga/In flux during deposition process. However, in two-step process, where a precursor was deposited first and then annealed in a Se environment for mass production, the desirable Ga slope was not achievable with the Ga/In flux control. We observed that the Ga/(Ga + In) ratio was nearly flat in CIGS film for Se-rich precursor and the ratio was nearly zero at surface and very high on bottom side of CISG film for Se-deficient precursor. We were able to generate a CIGS film with a Ga non-zero Ga surface and desired slope in the bulk by devising a precursor with Se-rich layer on top and Se-deficient layer on bottom, resulting in the enhancement of Cell performance. 相似文献
99.
Minghuan Liu Yonggang Liu Guiyang Zhang Lijuan Liu Zhihui Diao Chengliang Yang 《Liquid crystals》2016,43(3):417-426
Control experiments were performed to improve the slope conversion efficiency of the organic distributed feedback laser by varying the dissolution solvents of the laser gain layer, a conjugated polymer poly(2-methoxy-5-(2?-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene-vinylene) (MEH-PPV) in this work. The distributed feedback configuration of the laser was prepared by holographic photopolymerisation of the polymer/liquid crystal (HPDLC) mixture. Experimental results showed that the tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvent cast laser gain layer had a lower lasing threshold (0.28 μJ/pulse) and a higher slope conversion efficiency (7.8%) than that of the xylene solvent cast laser gain layer (0.5 μJ/pulse, 4.9%). Thin film waveguide characterisation demonstrated that the THF-cast film possessed a smaller waveguide loss (5.3 cm?1) and larger net gain (17.1 cm?1) than the xylene-cast film (8.3 cm?1, 15.7 cm?1). Absorbance and photoluminescence spectra indicated that the THF-cast film showed brighter luminescence at 620 nm and larger absorbance at 532 nm, indicating that the interchain interactions of the MEH-PPV is different, which plays the vital role in improving the optical performance of our organic DFB lasers. 相似文献
100.
We consider the Nonconvex Piecewise Linear Network Flow Problem (NPLNFP) which is known to be
-hard. Although exact methods such as branch and bound have been developed to solve the NPLNFP, their computational requirements increase exponentially with the size of the problem. Hence, an efficient heuristic approach is in need to solve large scale problems appearing in many practical applications including transportation, production-inventory management, supply chain, facility expansion and location decision, and logistics. In this paper, we present a new approach for solving the general NPLNFP in a continuous formulation by adapting a dynamic domain contraction. A Dynamic Domain Contraction (DDC) algorithm is presented and preliminary computational results on a wide range of test problems are reported. The results show that the proposed algorithm generates solutions within 0 to 0.94 % of optimality in all instances that the exact solutions are available from a branch and bound method. 相似文献